Dr. Vivekanand Kain, Outstanding Scientist and Head, Materials Processing & Corrosion Engineering Division at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, is a renowned expert in the field of corrosion of stainless steels and has extensively worked on corrosion of stainless steels, nickel base alloys, zirconium base alloys and steels for the nuclear industry. He is a Senior Professor at Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Mumbai. He has guided more than 37 doctoral and masters students from IIT and HBNI. In addition to in-depth research and development, Dr. Kain has investigated numerous cases of failures in nuclear and chemical industries. His involvement has led to clarity in understanding and resolution of materials degradation issues from design and fabrication stages to operational stages for various plants in department of atomic energy. Dr. Kain has published extensively with a total of over 300 technical papers in journals and conference proceedings. 
 
In recognition of excellence in corrosion science and technology, Dr. Kain has been bestowed with many awards, some of these are "Fellow ASM" in 2015, "Fellow Maharashtra Academy of Sciences" in 2015, "Metallurgist of the Year 2011" from Ministry of Steel, Govt. of India, "Meritorious Service Award" from NACE International, India Section in 2011, DAE-SRC 
Outstanding Researcher Project Award, 2009-2014, "Homi Bhabha Science and Technology Award"in 2006 by Department of Atomic Energy, "Corrosion Awareness Award 2004" by NACE International, India Section and INS Medal by Indian Nuclear Society, in 2004. Dr. Kain is a Life Fellow, Electrochemical Society of India and life member of MRSI, IIM SAEST, INS and a member of NACE International and ASM International. 
 
Dr. Kain is a member of the Board of Review (Key Reader) of Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, member of the Editorial Board of the journal Corrosion Science and is a reviewer for a number of reputed journals in corrosion, materials science and metallurgy streams.

Dr. Anil Bhardwaj is presently working as General Manager with ONGC and heading Materials & Corrosion Section at Institute of Engineering & Ocean Technology, ONGC at Panvel. He has 33 years’ experience with upstream oil and gas industry. He is an alumni from Kurushetra University. He has worked on diverse aspects of corrosion control in oil and gas production industry. He has 90 papers and three patents to his credit and two patent applications are pending. He also has four publications to his credit - “Internal Corrosion of Pipelines”, “Dos & Don’ts: Corrosion Inhibitors”, “Corrosion Failure Case Studies” and “Learning from Failures”. He is recipient of NIGIS Corrosion Awareness Award 2000 and NIGIS meritorius Contribution Award 2016. Editor for quarterly magazine, "Corrosion Combat", of NACE International Gateway India Section. Member of NACE International, Society for Failure Analysis, Corrosion Protection & Finishes Sectional Committee, MTD 24 of Bureau of Indian Standards, Corrosion Management Committee of Confederation of Indian Industries. Earlier was a member of advisory committee of TIFAC on development of corrosion resistant FRP grating in India.

Mr. Denzil Dcosta is a Mechanical Engineer with a Management Diploma in Quality control & ISO certification , A NACE Certified Coating Inspector, Presently working as National Sales Manager for Graco Hong Kong Ltd, over 22 Years experience in Paints and Coating Applications equipments in India and Abroad. He has presented papers at various conferences and is a regular faculty member of educational institute & organization. Mr. Denzil is coordinator of NIGIS educational corrosion awareness program on Coating Applicator.

Amrit Rekhi, Asst Vice President, Kansai Nerolac Paints Ltd 
 
Joined Kansai Nerolac as Mgmt Trainee, has progressively grown. Has rich experience of handling Sales & Mktg in various capacities of over 21 years, Currently looking after business lines of Protective Coatings, Powder Coating, General Industrial Coatings and Export for the organization.

K B Singh: +30 Years’ experience in Consultancy, Construction, Project Management, Technical Marketing, Design & Engineering of Products & Services in Power, Oil, Gas & Water Sector in India, Middle East, South East Asia, China, Australia & New Zealand with leading multi-national Companies – Raychem, Tyco, Seal For Life, Dodsal, Gujarat Infrastructure Water Ltd etc. 
 
Specialization in the following fields: External and internal pipeline coatings, field joint coatings & plant piping coating for oil, gas and water transmission and distribution on-shore and off-shore pipelines. Cathodic Protection for Tanks (Internal/External), Buried / Above ground plant piping, Cross Country Pipelines Skin Effect Heat Tracing of high viscous crude and sulfur cross country insulated pipelines. 
 
Paper Publication : Have published Technical Papers on Coatings & Cathodic Protection in various Indian & International Journals on Oil, Gas and Water Pipelines / Buried Piping / Overground piping system for Cross country pipelines, Offshore pipelines, Refineries, Petrochemical plants, Storage tanks, LPG mounded bullets, fire water pipelines etc.

Dr. C V Manian is chemical engineering graduate from IIT Bombay and UDCT. He holds a Ph D from University of Salford, UK. He retired from Larsen & Toubro Limited, Powai Works in 2001 and subsequently worked with Axiom Engineers and Rolta India Limited as HOD, process engineering. He has more than 40 years industry background in areas related to oil & gas industry, refinery, chemical process plants, waste water treatment and water reuse. He has wide experience in process engineering, selection of materials, corrosion engineering and control, failure analysis and pilot plant testing. He has managed several projects such as IOCL DHDS, RCF ammonia and carbon mono-oxide, phosphoric acid etc. During his career in L & T, he was involved in process engineering, R & D, Pilot plant test facility set-ups for unit operations and corrosion control, product development, plant commissioning and environmental impact assessment studies. He has published and presented several papers in leading journals and various industrial forums.

Prof. V.S Raja obtained his doctoral degree from Indian Institute of Science Bangalore (1987) and then joined Indian Institute of Technology Bombay as a faculty and currently serving as Institute Chair Professor in Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science. He has established several international collaborations on Corrosion Research. He was a guest researcher at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, Visiting Professor at University of Nevada, USA and Guest Scientist at GKSS Germany and Tohoku University, Japan. 
 
Prof. Raja, along with his students, has focused his research to understand the fundamental relation between metallurgy of the alloys and their corrosion behavior and applying it to solve industrial problems. He has done pioneering work in Environmentally Assisted Cracking Behavior of Stainless Steels, Aluminum alloys and Magnesium Alloys and has published over 150 papers in peer reviewed journals and book chapters. Has delivered plenary and keynote talks in global and regional conferences such as International corrosion congress and Asian Pacific Corrosion Control Conferences. 
 
Prof. Raja has developed several new courses for Master’s Curriculum on Corrosion Engineering and for working professional of Industry. He supervised about 20 Doctoral and 100 Masters students and consulted over 50 Industries to solved more than hundred corrosion problems. He is the lead editor of the book “Stress Corrosion Cracking: Theory and Practice” published by Woodhead publishers and Co-authored a book on Corrosion Failures: Theory, Case Studies and Solutions published by John Wiley and Sons. He is an editor of transactions of Indian Institute of metals and a member of editorial boards of several scientific journals including Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology, Advances in Materials Science and Key Reader of Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A & E and reviewed papers for over 30 journals. He is a member of Research Council of CSIR and DRDO laboratories in India and served NACE international research committee during 2009-13. Prof. Raja has been well recognized nationally and internationally for his contribution to the field of corrosion. In recognition, he received several national awards and is a NACE and IIM fellow.

Maheshkumar Bhalchandra Aradhye is working as Sr. General Manager (R & D) Grauer & Weil India Ltd. Mumbai. An MBA, Surface Coating Technologist & NACE-Certified Protective Coatings Specialist with 1st class / Distinction academic career & more than 22 years experience in the wide field of Surface Coating Technology & Specialized in Industrial / Automotive Coatings & High Performance Protective Coatings. Committee member of Coatings & Lining Technical Committee member since 2010 and NACE India Section Executive Committee Member Since – 2013. Mr. Mahesh is visiting faculty member to IIT Bombay, ICT Mumbai, UDCT Jalgaon, D.E. Society's Technical Institute Pune. Mr. Mahesh is Instructor of NACE certified course- Protective Coating Specialist PCS - 1,2 & 3.

Ashish Khera, P.Eng.: Graduated as a Petroleum Engineer from University of Alberta, Canada and now working as a Director at Allied Engineers, India providing turnkey asset integrity services with focus on pipelines. 
 
Certified as a Professional Engineer (P.Eng.) from APEGGA, Canada and a Certified Instructor with: 
- ASME for “Managing Pipeline Integrity of Gas Systems- B31.8S” 
- NACE International for “Direct Assessment” and “Internal Corrosion for Pipelines”. Co-author of the latest NACE released course on “Direct Assessment” in 2012. 
 
Actively participated in several pipeline integrity management projects in USA, Canada, Middle East and India. These include Direct Assessment for external and internal corrosion programs, SCC susceptibility studies and models, risk assessment, corrosion audits, In line inspection, coating examinations and field investigations. All the assessment studies performed have been on the guidelines of US-DoT regulations and based on ASME, NACE etc. code and standards. 
Published 25+ technical papers and was awarded the NACE Corrosion Award for “Distinction in Corrosion Science & Technology in Industrial Organization” at CORCON 2013.

Dr. Rani P. George joined in Corrosion Science and Technology Division (CSTD) of IGCAR, Kalpakkam as DAE Research Fellow in Life Sciences and after obtaining her Ph.D. in the specialized field of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) and Biofouling joined CSTD as Scientist in 2000. In 2010 she became Leader of Surface Modification Programme, and in 2016 she became Head, Surface Modification & Characterization section, and is associated with seven young scientists and taking care of development of corrosion and biofouling resistant coatings for seawater and humid coastal atmospheric applications and with her team established alternate applied potential technique, ultrasonication methods, self-healing coatings and superhydrophobic coatings to effectively control corrosion and biofouling of condenser materials in sea water environments. She is also involved in developing a nano-phase modified flyash concrete with superior properties in seawater environments. She has 82 papers published in International journals and 40 conference proceedings. She has won several best paper awards and technical excellence award in recognition of her R&D contributions, including S.K. Seshadri Memorial MASCOT Award form ECSI Bengaluru (2015), NIGIS Corrosion Awareness Award for Excellence in Corrosion Science and Technology (2010) and for Meritorious Contribution to research and education in Corrosion Science and Technology (2016) and IIM Certificate of Honor at 48th NMD-ATM, 2010. She has delivered 7th Mayanna Endowment Lecture in NSEST 2010. She is Fellow of Indian Institute of Metals and life member of several professional associations like ECSI, SAEST, ASCI, SFA and IWSA, and for past six years member of NACE International. She is serving as Treasurer for NIGIS South Zone since 2013. She has organized successfully Electrochemistry and Corrosion Camp as Convener for the School students of Chennai and Kalpakkam, and was Organizing Committee Member for CORCON 2005, 2015, 2016, and 2017.

Sandeep H. Vyas, Assistant V.P. & Head Cathodic Protection Systems Reliance Gas Pipelines Limited. Having experience of more than 21 years in field related to Corrosion, Cathodic Protection, Coating, Integrity, Project Management, Auditing etc. and worked for more than 45 different projects with different levels of responsibilities. Qualified with NACE CP level – II, B.E. Electrical, Diploma in Management, Qualified ISO 9001-2008 Lead Auditor. Also participated in several trainings for First Aid training, defensive driving, Fire and Safety and several Management trainings etc. 
 
Member of several Technical and organizing Committees for conferences and standards including NACE, ASME, Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD), Reliance Internal Integrity team etc. Also function as Lead Auditor and trainer for Reliance Internal audit and training activities.  
Achievements of past few years:  
Published 9 technical papers in different conferences 
Awarded with Excellence in Corrosion Technology award in 2010 by NACE Gateway India Section.  
Finalist in MP Corrosion Innovation award for System selection and implementation for Gas Pipeline Crossing by Micro tunneling method; first of its kind in India.  
Participant of International Visitor Leadership progremme (IVLP) – 2015 with theme of “Adoption of American Anti-Corrosion Standards – A Project for India” and travelled to several parts of U.S. 
Several Safety quiz awards for Reliance Internal Competitions.  
Winner for Photography competition at Reliance Corporate Park for “Weekend Masti”

Dr. Deepashri D. Nage, DGM and Head Material Science & Corrosion Engineering group and laboratory, R&D, Technology Centre of Engineering Services-L&T Hydrocarbon Engineering, provides technical and administrative leadership to a team of 10 engineers. She has a strong academic background with Doctorate in Corrosion Science & Engineering from I.I.T., Bombay and Metallurgical Engineering from M.S.U., Baroda. She has rich professional experience related to Oil & Gas, Process Plants and Power Plants domain, with frequent interactions with key organizations and experts in India and abroad. She is involved in 25+ live hydrocarbon projects and over 85+ failure analysis/troubleshooting cases. She has made a mark with her dedicated professional contributions, not only for L&T’s Hydrocarbon business but also in Heavy Engineering business, covering Manufacturing, Nuclear, Defence & Aerospace. Her expertise lies in the selection & verification of Materials of Construction, surface treatment, evaluation of coatings, corrosion control, failure investigations, material characterization, salvaging and restoration activities by corrosion control means. She has published and presented 52 technical papers in national and international conferences and published 15 papers in technical journals. She was recognized for 5 Best Paper presentation in CORCON 2013, 2001 and in AWS in 2013 and NCCI 2010 and Technology Conclave of L&T. She is an accredited professional in her field, with the NACE CP-1 Certification and also Thermal Spray Inspector (Level 1) Certification. She also has certification for participation in pipeline corrosion, coating inspection and quality control. She is conferred award for her contribution in industry sector (age between 25-40) for Distinction in Corrosion Science and Technology by NACE International Gateway India Section in Goa (awarded by Governor of Goa) September 2012. She is applicant and awardee for Excellent laboratory, 2015 by NIGIS. She has spread the awareness of corrosion by conducting class room trainings for non-metallurgists (22No. of guest lectures).

Dr. Supratik Roychowdhury joined Corrosion Science Section, Materials Science Division, Bhabha Atomic research Centre (presently Corrosion Engineering Section, Materials Processing & Corrosion Engineering Division) in 1998, after completing B.E. (Metallurgical Engineering, gold medal) from Regional Engineering College (presently NIT), Rourkela. Since 1998 he has been working on research areas focussed on corrosion degradation issues in present operating nuclear power plants, other units of DAE and future reactors. His research focus is on environmentally assisted cracking of nuclear structural materials, specifically stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and hydrogen embrittlement and correlating microstructure with corrosion and mechanical properties. He has provided on-site metallurgical support to various units of DAE and has done a number of failure investigations, based on which important decisions were taken by nuclear power utilities. He is also actively involved in teaching of new recruits in BARC and NPCIL and has delivered lectures on corrosion related topics in various forums. He is a life member of Indian Institute of Metals and member of NACE International. 
 
Dr. Supratik Roychowdhury was awarded the Homi Bhabha prize for securing the first rank in the one year post graduation orientation course in BARC, 1997, 11th NACE International India Section, Corrosion Awareness Award for the Best M.Tech. thesis 2005, DAE award – Homi Bhabha gold medal for Young Engineer, awarded by Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam for contributions in the field of SCC and flow accelerated corrosion, 2007, NACE International Gateway India Section (NIGIS), Corrosion awareness award for excellence in corrosion science and technology, 2012, Best PhD thesis award, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, 2012. Dr. Roychowdhury was awarded the prestigious Marie-Curie COFUND research grant for pursuing post-doctoral research in Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland (research grant sponsored by European Commission and Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (ENSI)), 2013-2015. He has a number of publications in international/national peer reviewed scientific journals and has made a number of presentations of his research results in various national and international conferences and was awarded for best paper presentation.

P K Mathew, CEO, Cortec Corrosion Solutions India. Engineering graduate with Masters in Business Administration. 44 years experience in Manufacturing, Engineering Consultancy, Project Management, Inspection, Planning, Business Development, Plant & Equipment Overhauling with Companies such as L&T, EIL, GR Engineering, Cedco Technical Services and OKS Speciality Lubricants India. 
 
Past 22 years, heads Cortec Corporation USA’s India operations in the field of Corrosion Management and Application Engineering, helping the Indian Industry in solving their corrosion problems and mitigating corrosion losses. 
 
President, NACE International Gateway India Section - South India Chapter and Member, NACE International - East Asia Pacific Area Committee. Also Member, CII - National Corrosion Management Committee. Has made significant contributions and presentations to the ailing industries, on these platforms.

Dr. Kannan Chandrasekaran is currently heading the Applied Metallurgy & Pipeline Research laboratories at Indian Oil Corporation Limited, R&D Center, Faridabad, India as Deputy General Manager. Dr. Kannan specializes in Material selection for Corrosion prevention, Failure analysis, Condition monitoring & Advanced Non Destructive Test techniques, Fitness for purpose evaluation and Life extension of refinery components. 
 
He has over twenty six years of experience in working with the materials related issues of refining industry. He graduated in Metallurgical Engg. from Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore and obtained his masters degree in Industrial Metallurgy from Indian Institute of Technology, Madras. He is a Doctorate from the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. He is a member of the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE), USA and also the executive committee member of NACE Gateway India section. Dr. Kannan has More than thirty five technical publications in Journals & conferences of repute. He has authored more than hundred technical / project reports. He has been conferred with the Petrofed Innovator of the year – Team Award for 2015.

Dr. T. Subba Rao’s research was primarily focused on microbe-metal interactions and oriented towards basic and practical aspects of industrial cooling water problems originating due to microbial biofilms in power plants and chemical industries.  He is a leading expert in microbial corrosion and worked on the mechanism of iron and stainless steel corrosion. His pioneering work on pitting corrosion of titanium by biogenic sulphide had relevance for the upcoming fast reactor power plant at Kalpakkam. His contributions in microbial corrosion earned him the NIGIS award 2007 and the S.K. Seshadri Memorial National Award 2013, instituted by The Electrochemical Society of India, Bengaluru. Dr. Rao is one of the architects of the Biofouling Test Loop at Kalpakkam, a facility to carry out simulation studies for industrial cooling water problems. This contribution was recognized by the Group Achievement Award, of DAE in 2011. His current research interests include microbial corrosion of stainless steels and brasses, molecular microbiology, biofilms and bioremediation of industrial toxic wastes. He has published 90 research papers in reputed international journals and reviewed several papers for national and international journals. He has also supervised 4 Ph.D. scholars and 36 M.Tech/M.Sc project students. He was a senate member of Alagappa University, Member board of studies in Biotechnology, Pondicherry University and in Genetics at Sri Ramachandra University.   He is a Fellow of The Academy of Sciences, Chennai and the Society for Applied Biotechnology.

A Mechanical Engineer with A Diploma in Financial management followed by An Advanced Diploma In Industrial Safety. 
 
20 Yrs plus Work Experience in Offshore Construction Projects at Bombay High with OHCS, Worked with Rajesh Construction Company in laying of Main Line and Tie-Inn activities for Cross Country Pipelines including hydro testing, yard bending of pipes and coatings. Involved in the construction of various POL Depots, LPG Bottling Plants and Retail Outlets with Vijay Builders and Construction Pvt. Ltd covering Roads, Drains, Culverts, Driveways, Buildings, Foundations etc. Associated with Onland Offshore Engineering Services Pvt Ltd and in the fabrication field covering Structural Steel, Three Plate Construction, Cold Roll Formed Sections, Pressure Vessels, Piping Components and Pipelines. With Onland Graphics India Pvt Ltd a 3M authorised converter for the manufacture of Signages, Totems, Id Signs using Flex, Vinyls, Retro Reflective, ECF, ACP, etc also handled curtain wall and glazing works. At ICS Technologies a NABL Accredited Laboratory, IRCA approved Training Institute; Institute approved by the MSBTE in the field of Training; a Recruitment Agency approved under the Ministry of Overseas External Affairs, Placement; Laboratory Testing and Calibration Services. Currently with International Certification Services Pvt Ltd a Conformity Assessment Body as a Country Manager responsible for the growth and development of Management of Certification and Inspection Services of the organisation. 

Ajay Popat is an engineer in Plastics Technology from the Plastic & Rubber Institute, UK and has done Masters in Business Administration specializing in Marketing & Strategy with honors from NMIMS Institute. He has been conferred with a Fellowship by Indian Plastics Institute in 2007. He has more than 35 years of experience in Strategy, Business & Organisation Development with leading organizations like Resins & Plastics Ltd. (then a subsidiary of Asian Paints Ltd.), Pidilite Industries Ltd. and Ion Exchange. He had an extremely successful career track record with Pidilite Industries from 1983 to 1994 where he grew from the position of Sales Representative to All-India Sales Manager. Associated with Ion Exchange since 1994, he has spearheaded several initiatives in developing and successfully commercializing proprietary, advanced & sustainable technologies for purification & separation in water, wastewater treatment and more recently in areas of renewable energy in compliance with legal, environmental, economic and social requirement of our country. During his tenure, he has successfully conceived the idea of a separate Environment Management business, which he formed through a joint venture between Ion Exchange and a leading Belgium company. Under his leadership as a CEO of this joint venture (and then elevated to the Board of the Company), he created a leadership position for the joint venture, leading to his elevation as the President of the parent company, Ion Exchange (India) Ltd. where he is responsible for Corporate functions in Technology, Marketing, Communication, Heavy Industry Business Verticals, Environment Division and Corporate Affairs. He is active in promoting the cause of water industry through active participation with the Water and Environment Council in CII, FICCI, Bombay Chambers of Commerce, Indian Environmental Association, Water Quality Association – India Task Force, Process Plant and Machinery Association of India (PPMAI) and other trade bodies. Recognizing his dedicated contribution he has risen to the position of Director in the governing bodies of these Organizations. He has chaired and delivered more than 500 papers on the subject of Sustainable Environment Management practices.

Dr. S. Rangarajan joined BARC in 1984 after successful completion of one year Orientation Course in Nuclear Sciences. He did his B.Sc Chemistry from Madras Christian College, Tambaram, MSc. Analytical Chemistry from Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, University of Madras and Ph.D in Analytical Chemistry from Madras University.  
 
His achievements include design and development of High Temperature pH probes, Computer code for Activity Transport Modeling, Expert System for Water Chemistry Monitoring in reactor circuits, Electrochemical Corrosion & Speciation studies for Reactor Applications. 
 
His current interest includes development of Molten Salt electrochemistry, ELOMIX process for Waste minimization, Flow accelerated Corrosion, Nano- grain oxide films and Radiolysis studies for Advanced Heavy Water Reactors. He has been a visiting scientist to Graduate School of Environmental Studies and Fracture Research Institute, both in Tohoku University, Japan and Dept. of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry in Kumamoto University, Japan. He is also a faculty member of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai. 
 
He is a member a many Professional bodies like NIGIS(SZ), SACSE and AWARE. He has to his credit, ~140 publications in Journals, Conference proceedings and books. Currently, he is heading the Surface Characterisation and Mass Transport Studies Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, BARC Facilities, Kalpakkam.

Dr. Buddhadeb Duari is a Non-Executive, Independent Director in Board of Directors of Gunterman Pipers Ltd, a Mittal Group Company. 
 
He is Director of Lalita Infraprojects Pvt.Ltd who are manufacturer and applicator of Corrosion Resistant Organic Coating like solvent free polyurethane , epoxy, glass flake epoxy, coal tar epoxy for oil, gas & water pipeline. 
 
Dr. Buddhadeb Duari has done B. Tech (Hons) in Mechanical Engineering from I.I.T Kharagpur, MBA from Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies and Ph.D (Engg) in Metallurgy and Material Engineering from Jadavpur University. He is a NACE Corrosion Specialist, Protective Coating Specialist from NACE International, Houston, USA and SSPC Protective Coating Specialist from SSPC, Pitsburgh, USA. He is a member of BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard) for CHD 20 (Chemical & Paint Division) and MTD 24 (Metallurgical Technical Division). He has more than 30 years experience on Corrosion, Coating and Cathodic Protection of Metals, Structure and Concrete. He has published more than 40 Technical Papers in reputed journals out of which 18 are International and Peer Reviewed Journals like MP Materials Performance, JPCL, Coating & Maintenance, Bulletin of Materials Science, Corrosion Management, IJLRST, IJEIT.  
 
Dr Buddhadeb Duari is consultant to different Corrosion related projects.